Science of Capping and Crimping: Optimizing Vial Stopper Compression
In parenteral pharmaceutical manufacturing, achieving a robust Container Closure Integrity (CCI) is vital for ensuring drug sterility, efficacy, and patient safety. The mechanical barrier protecting liquid and lyophilized formulations relies heavily on the final packaging assembly: a glass or plastic vial, an elastomeric stopper, and an aluminum crimp seal. While primary packaging selection often focuses…
